Cognitive Science : Turing response to Descartes

According to Descartes, "Mind is a special central human existence, basically reliable. The mind stands apart from and operates independently to the body where as body is best thought of as an automation, which can be compared to machine by men."

Descartes conclude that " we are able to develop a machine like human body but not any machine that thinks like human brain, and if any machine brain tends to act and thinks like a human brain than that thinking will be the result of some sort of calculations which is derived from algorithms or logic."

Turing Test :

Here Turing carried out a hypothetical test to determine the intelligence of machine called as Truing test where a human judge is placed with two computer terminals, one connected to a Machine and another connected to a Human. The judge asks or carry out conversations with each terminals and if is unable to determine which terminal is the machine than that machine is said to have attain similar intelligence to human.

After this test, Turing concluded that "Machines can mimic not only the human form but also in the action, speech and as well as in thinking" and Turing test is the best way to differentiate the machine from human is to engage them in conversion and observe whether it conversed naturally as like human or whether the conversation would be drive by logic.